数据库集成
要将数据库连接到 Express 应用程序,只需在该应用程序中为数据库装入相应的 Node.js 驱动程序。本文档简要说明如何在 Express 应用程序中为数据库系统添加和使用某些最流行的 Node.js 模块: This document briefly explains how to add and use some of the most popular Node.js modules for database systems in your Express app:
- Cassandra
 - Couchbase
 - CouchDB
 - LevelDB
 - MySQL
 - MongoDB
 - Neo4j
 - Oracle
 - PostgreSQL
 - Redis
 - SQL Server
 - SQLite
 - Elasticsearch
 
Cassandra
安装
$ npm install cassandra-driver
示例
const cassandra = require('cassandra-driver')
const client = new cassandra.Client({ contactPoints: ['localhost'] })
client.execute('select key from system.local', (err, result) => {
  if (err) throw err
  console.log(result.rows[0])
})
Couchbase
模块: couchnode
安装
$ npm install couchbase
示例
const couchbase = require('couchbase')
const bucket = (new couchbase.Cluster('http://localhost:8091')).openBucket('bucketName')
// add a document to a bucket
bucket.insert('document-key', { name: 'Matt', shoeSize: 13 }, (err, result) => {
  if (err) {
    console.log(err)
  } else {
    console.log(result)
  }
})
// get all documents with shoe size 13
const n1ql = 'SELECT d.* FROM `bucketName` d WHERE shoeSize = $1'
const query = N1qlQuery.fromString(n1ql)
bucket.query(query, [13], (err, result) => {
  if (err) {
    console.log(err)
  } else {
    console.log(result)
  }
})
CouchDB
模块:nano
安装
$ npm install nano
示例
const nano = require('nano')('http://localhost:5984')
nano.db.create('books')
const books = nano.db.use('books')
// Insert a book document in the books database
books.insert({ name: 'The Art of war' }, null, (err, body) => {
  if (err) {
    console.log(err)
  } else {
    console.log(body)
  }
})
// Get a list of all books
books.list((err, body) => {
  if (err) {
    console.log(err)
  } else {
    console.log(body.rows)
  }
})
LevelDB
模块:levelup
安装
$ npm install level levelup leveldown
示例
const levelup = require('levelup')
const db = levelup('./mydb')
db.put('name', 'LevelUP', (err) => {
  if (err) return console.log('Ooops!', err)
  db.get('name', (err, value) => {
    if (err) return console.log('Ooops!', err)
    console.log(`name=${value}`)
  })
})
MySQL
模块:mysql
安装
$ npm install mysql
示例
const mysql = require('mysql')
const connection = mysql.createConnection({
  host: 'localhost',
  user: 'dbuser',
  password: 's3kreee7',
  database: 'my_db'
})
connection.connect()
connection.query('SELECT 1 + 1 AS solution', (err, rows, fields) => {
  if (err) throw err
  console.log('The solution is: ', rows[0].solution)
})
connection.end()
MongoDB
模块:mongodb
安装
$ npm install mongodb
示例(v2.*)
const MongoClient = require('mongodb').MongoClient
MongoClient.connect('mongodb://localhost:27017/animals', (err, db) => {
  if (err) throw err
  db.collection('mammals').find().toArray((err, result) => {
    if (err) throw err
    console.log(result)
  })
})
示例(v3.*)
const MongoClient = require('mongodb').MongoClient
MongoClient.connect('mongodb://localhost:27017/animals', (err, client) => {
  if (err) throw err
  const db = client.db('animals')
  db.collection('mammals').find().toArray((err, result) => {
    if (err) throw err
    console.log(result)
  })
})
如果您需要 MongoDB 的对象模型驱动程序,请查看 Mongoose。
Neo4j
Module: neo4j-driver
安装
$ npm install neo4j-driver
示例
const neo4j = require('neo4j-driver')
const driver = neo4j.driver('neo4j://localhost:7687', neo4j.auth.basic('neo4j', 'letmein'))
const session = driver.session()
session.readTransaction((tx) => {
  return tx.run('MATCH (n) RETURN count(n) AS count')
    .then((res) => {
      console.log(res.records[0].get('count'))
    })
    .catch((error) => {
      console.log(error)
    })
})
Oracle
模块: oracledb
安装
注意: See installation prerequisites.
$ npm install oracledb
示例
const oracledb = require('oracledb')
const config = {
  user: '<your db user>',
  password: '<your db password>',
  connectString: 'localhost:1521/orcl'
}
async function getEmployee (empId) {
  let conn
  try {
    conn = await oracledb.getConnection(config)
    const result = await conn.execute(
      'select * from employees where employee_id = :id',
      [empId]
    )
    console.log(result.rows[0])
  } catch (err) {
    console.log('Ouch!', err)
  } finally {
    if (conn) { // conn assignment worked, need to close
      await conn.close()
    }
  }
}
getEmployee(101)
PostgreSQL
Module: pg-promise
安装
$ npm install pg-promise
示例
const pgp = require('pg-promise')(/* options */)
const db = pgp('postgres://username:password@host:port/database')
db.one('SELECT $1 AS value', 123)
  .then((data) => {
    console.log('DATA:', data.value)
  })
  .catch((error) => {
    console.log('ERROR:', error)
  })
Redis
模块:redis
安装
$ npm install redis
示例
const redis = require('redis')
const client = redis.createClient()
client.on('error', (err) => {
  console.log(`Error ${err}`)
})
client.set('string key', 'string val', redis.print)
client.hset('hash key', 'hashtest 1', 'some value', redis.print)
client.hset(['hash key', 'hashtest 2', 'some other value'], redis.print)
client.hkeys('hash key', (err, replies) => {
  console.log(`${replies.length} replies:`)
  replies.forEach((reply, i) => {
    console.log(`    ${i}: ${reply}`)
  })
  client.quit()
})
SQL Server
模块: tedious
安装
$ npm install tedious
示例
const Connection = require('tedious').Connection
const Request = require('tedious').Request
const config = {
  server: 'localhost',
  authentication: {
    type: 'default',
    options: {
      userName: 'your_username', // update me
      password: 'your_password' // update me
    }
  }
}
const connection = new Connection(config)
connection.on('connect', (err) => {
  if (err) {
    console.log(err)
  } else {
    executeStatement()
  }
})
function executeStatement () {
  request = new Request("select 123, 'hello world'", (err, rowCount) => {
    if (err) {
      console.log(err)
    } else {
      console.log(`${rowCount} rows`)
    }
    connection.close()
  })
  request.on('row', (columns) => {
    columns.forEach((column) => {
      if (column.value === null) {
        console.log('NULL')
      } else {
        console.log(column.value)
      }
    })
  })
  connection.execSql(request)
}
SQLite
模块:sqlite3
安装
$ npm install sqlite3
示例
const sqlite3 = require('sqlite3').verbose()
const db = new sqlite3.Database(':memory:')
db.serialize(() => {
  db.run('CREATE TABLE lorem (info TEXT)')
  const stmt = db.prepare('INSERT INTO lorem VALUES (?)')
  for (let i = 0; i < 10; i++) {
    stmt.run(`Ipsum ${i}`)
  }
  stmt.finalize()
  db.each('SELECT rowid AS id, info FROM lorem', (err, row) => {
    console.log(`${row.id}: ${row.info}`)
  })
})
db.close()
ElasticSearch
安装
$ npm install elasticsearch
示例
const elasticsearch = require('elasticsearch')
const client = elasticsearch.Client({
  host: 'localhost:9200'
})
client.search({
  index: 'books',
  type: 'book',
  body: {
    query: {
      multi_match: {
        query: 'express js',
        fields: ['title', 'description']
      }
    }
  }
}).then((response) => {
  const hits = response.hits.hits
}, (error) => {
  console.trace(error.message)
})